Fig 1: Blockage of fibronectin could rescue CCM lesions(A) Representative images of H&E and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining of Ccm1fl/fl and Ccm1ECKO mice at age P14 treated with vehicle or RGDS peptide. The cyan boxes marked the staining of fibrinogen and CD41 which were negative in cerebellum of Ccm1fl/fl mice. The blue boxes marked CCM lesions with thrombus which was fibrinogen and CD41 positive; the black boxes indicated CCM lesions without thrombus which was fibrinogen and CD41 negative. Scale bar: 200 µm.(B and C) The semiquantitative results of total CCM lesion number and area of cerebella in (A). The number and area of CCM lesions were quantified according to the area of < 5000 µm2, 5000–10000 µm2, or > 10000 µm2 (B), and according to CCM lesions with (stage II) or without thrombus (stage I) (C).(D) Representative confocal microscopy images of the retina in Ccm1ECKO and Ccm1fl/fl mice. The whole-mount staining of retinas was performed using isolectin B4. The white dotted line marked CCM lesions. Scale bar: 500 µm.(E) Quantification of retinal lesion area in Ccm1ECKO mice treated with or without RGDS peptide. n = 4 or 5 mice per group. Data are presented as mean ± SD. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, unpaired Student’s t-test for upper panels of B, C, and E, one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test for bottom panels of B.